5. HISTORY
Ancient Egyptian :
An Egyptian Mummy with probable Polio
found
1209 B.C :
Mummy Gipath with an equinus foot
1855:
First description by Duchene
Twentieth Century:
Transmission of polio to monkey by
Landsteiner.
1951:
Three types of polio Virus isolated and
identified.
7. AGENTS
POLIO VIRUS:
It have Resistance in feces at 4 degree celsius for months
& -20 degree celsius for years.
It is inactivated by heat and chlorination.
Natural infection occurs only in human.
More during rainy season.
Mode Of Transmission:
Through inhalation ,Through mouth.
Age Of Host:
6 months to 3 years
Sex:
M:F is 3:1
Sources:
Contaminated water,food,poor sanitation,Flies.
11. PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS
0.5 % to 1% of infection.
Symptoms:
2 phases:
Minor: same as abortive polio
Major: muscle pain, spasm, Return
of fever
Followed by rapid onset of Flaccid
paralysis, complete within 72 hrs.
Paralytic Polio
12. SPINAL PARALYTIC POLIOMYELITIS
Result from lower motor neurons
lesion of anterior horn cells of spinal
cord.
Effect muscles of legs, arm and trunk
Severe case Quadriplegia paralysis of
trunk , abdominal and thoracic
muscels.
Paralsis- asymmetrical (legs > arms)
Muscles-Floppy
Residual Paralysis after 60 days.
Spinal P. polio
13.
14. RESIDUAL PARALYSIS
Acute phase of illness last for 0-4
weeks
Recovery Variable
Max recovery is about 6 months
Slow recovery in about 2 yrs
After 2 years post polio Paralysis
Residual Persist. Residual paralysis
17. SYMPTOMATIC AND SUPPORTIVE
o Rest in Bed
o Relief of pain and spasm of muscles
o Neutral positioning of the Limbs
o Physiotherapy
o Good nursing
18. REST IN BED:
Physical activity and trauma increase risk of polio.
Posture changed every 2-3 hrs.
Child to be placed on stomach for short periods each
day, to prevent Pneumonia.
Optimum position for limbs:
Hip- Slight flexion
Knee-5 degree flexion
Foot-90 degree support against sole
20. PHYSIOTHERAPY
Method:
Joints and paralysed muscles move through full range
of motion
For 2-10 minutes 3-10 times/day
Benefits:
Prevent deformities and contractures
Promote development of muscle power in non
paralysed muscles
25. REHABILITATIONS
Orthotic Treatment is applied to promote mobility.
Orthoses should be used untill no further recovery is
anticipated
Orthoses are given in stage of greatest paralysis.
Appropriate orthotic appliances are Prescribed to
prevent deformities due to muscle imbalance.
Static joint stabillity usually controlled by orthoses.
Dynamic joint instabillity usually result in a fixed
deformity that can not controlled with orthoses.
26. TREATMENT:
No specific treatment.
Patient may be recover or not depends upon
neurological damage.
Duties of orthopaedic teams are to prevent
deformities, to assist returning muscle power by
gradual exercises & to reduce residual disabillity in
final stage by the provision of appropriate appliances
or by operations on joint or muscles.
27. APPLIANCES:
In upper limbs following are commonly prescribe:
Spine Brace:
To support a weakened spine.
Abdominal Spine:
To check abdominal protrusion when abdominal muscles are
weak.
Knee Calliper:
To hold the knee extended in case of severe Quadriceps
Paralysis.
Below knee Brace:
To stabilize ankle or feet.
Ankle Foot Orthoses:
To hold the foot up when dorsiflexion muscles are paralyzed.
31. SPINAL ORTHOSES:
Milwaukee Brace are use
in three ways to treat
scoliosis.
As a corrective apparatus
Hold the spine in position
A substitute of surgery.
34. PROGNOSIS
Non Paralytic cases-complete recovery.
Paralytic Polio-permanent weakness in 2/3rd cases.
Worse-older children.
Sudden onset with illness of high fever.
35. POST POLIO SYNDROME (PPS)
Observed in people who have polio in their younger
age.
Effects about 25-50 % of polio survivors.
More common in females.
General fatigue.
Muscular weakness.
Joint pain.
And breathing problem are seen in effected.
36.
37. IMMUNISATION
The disease is preventable with
the polio vaccine. however, a number
of doses are required for it to be
effective.
38.
39. CASE NO. 1
•Name: Sohail Ahmad Magray
•Age: 26 year
•Occupation: Tailor
•Gender: Male
•Marital status: single
•Home town: AZAD Kashmir
40. RESEARCH WORK
History:
Sohail Ahmad Magray is a polio victim who got
infected by polio at the age of 4
He was of 4 years when his parents felt that his right
leg was growing slowly as compared to the left one.
After examining by doctor it was revealed that Sohail
has become victim of polio virus. He had problem in
his right leg.
After matriculation he got one year training he was
able to do much of the tailoring works.
Sohail Ahmad is a very optimistic person who has
aimed some goals in his life.
He has set his goals and intends to accomplish them
in his future.
May Allah Bless him in Future. Aameen!