Definition
The halogen group of elements includes the four stable elements, fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), and iodine (I), and the short-lived radioactive element astatine (At) which exists only fleetingly in the Earth’s crust (Chang 2016). The halogens occupy group 17 of the periodic table and are characterized by an S2P5 outer electron shell configuration enabling their characteristic ability to form halide anions in ionically bonded salts. The heavy halogens can exist in several valence states, however, the atomic radii of halogens and the ionic radii of the common halide ions, which have valences of −1, increase down the group (Table 1).
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Kendrick, M.A. (2018). Halogens. In: White, W.M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Geochemistry. Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39312-4_95
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